My Life and study journey to earn peace

Mastering Your PhD: Survival and Success in the Doctoral Years and Beyond

2012-01-30T18:51:00.001Z

Mastering Your PhD: Survival and Success in the Doctoral Years and Beyond [Paperback]

Patricia Gosling (Author), Lambertus D. Noordam (Author)

Mastering Your PhD: Survival and Success in the Doctoral Years and Beyond [Paperback]
Patricia Gosling
Patricia Gosling (Author)
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(Author), Lambertus D. Noordam (Author)

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Editorial Reviews
Review

From the reviews:

"It focuses on the non-scientific aspects of academic life and the PhD process, discussing issues which often are neglected ... . the book really shines in the discussion of human relations issues, such as how to communicate effectively with people different from yourself … . Their suggestions on time management, planning and self-regulation are particularly useful: people who acquired their PhD years ago may also profit … . Mastering your PhD can be recommended to any student considering graduate school ... ." (Sarah Boslaugh, MathDL-online, October, 2006)

"The book is easy to read and is split into nineteen short chapters … . Most chapters have their main points highlighted by examples, describing a team of students restoring a piece of artwork, for instance, which tend to be useful. … I would also recommend the book as a useful guide for prospective PhD students who are not sure of what a PhD actually entails, and what is expected of you as a student … ." (Sarah Casewell, The Observatory, Vol. 127 (1199), 2007)
From the Back Cover

"Mastering your PhD" helps guide PhD students through their graduate student days. Filled with practical advice on getting started, communicating with your supervisor, staying the course, and planning for the future, this book is a handy guide for graduate students who need that extra bit of help getting started and making it through. Every year, thousands of students around the world embark on the long and difficult journey toward a PhD. Some of these students will make it through their program with flying colors. Others will experience difficulty getting to the end: some will sink and some will manage to swim – barely. The doctoral years can be daunting. While mainly directed to PhD students in the sciences, the book's scope is broad enough to encompass the obstacles and hurdles that almost all PhD students face at some point in their doctoral training. Who should read this book? Students of the physical and life sciences, computer science, math, and medicine thinking about entering a PhD program, doctoral students at the beginning of their research and any graduate student who is feeling frustrated and stuck. It’s never too early or too late!

"A must for any student in natural science who is doing or is considering doing a PhD. Also, I strongly recommend PhD supervisors to read this book -- they will learn a lot."

--Henrik Stapelfeldt, Professor of Chemistry, Arhus Denmark

"At last, a book about graduate study that paints the big picture and that recognizes PhD work as a real job involving many of the same relationship and business issues that will be important to students throughout their careers. Outstanding!"

-- Lou Bloomfield, Professor of Physics, University of Virginia, USA

At first I'd like to say that there are many references out there, online, that one can find about how to excel the PhD years and beyond. However, the author compile it in a very good, organized way, that practically explain how to tackle the common situations during the PhD years.
It's a small, practical book, that you can bring anywhere in your pocket, I recommend this book to all PhD students, alumni, and everyone who is thinking about doing a PhD.

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I'm currently in my third year as PhD student, and I came across a news item annoucing the book. I thought it would be a great source of external advice, besides the advice I get from my own advisors. And when I began reading the book, I knew I had struck gold: The style of the book makes it a pleasure to read, and the tons of advice in the book range from very practical to almost psychological.

There are chapters in the book that give tips on preparing for your first conference (you don't have to go to *every* session, have fun!), prepare for meetings with your advisors, and how to steer those meetings to be productive for you as well.
And finally there is a chapter that helps you make the choice of what to do after your PhD, and reminds you that you have to start looking long before it all ends (even though it may seem that it never does ;)).

Since reading it, I often look back into it, rereading tips. I've given this book to all other graduate students in my group, who have all thanked me for doing that.

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An indispensable book for every PhD student with advice from the very first day to career advice at the end of your PhD. The authors manage to discuss many items in a clear, concise, and comprehensive way. In this book you can find practical advice like; how to get started on your first day, time management, presentation, writing skils and so on. However, we value that the authors pay attention to other important aspects aswell, like dealing with setbacks, something every PhD student encounters but which is not often discussed. Other aspects, as the role your personality plays in communication with your supervisor and a method to monitor your progress are interesting subjects too. In short; everything you always wanted to know about a PhD, but were afraid to ask.
If you want to know what a PhD is about, read this book! If you want to make a good start with your PhD, read this book! And if you are a PhD student, treasure this book!

Marjan de Vries and Ans Rekers, trainer and PhD councellor University of Amsterdam

Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques

2012-01-30T18:49:00.000Z

Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques

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Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques [Paperback]
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(Author), Lydia Matheson (Author), Fiona M Lacey (Author)
5.0 out of 5 stars See all reviews (1 customer review)

Doing Your Literature Review: Traditional and Systematic Techniques [Paperback]

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Doing-Your-Literature-Review-Traditional/dp/1848601549/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1327949396&sr=1-1

http://www.bookdepository.com/Literature-Review-Lawrence-Anthony-Machi/9781412961356

http://www.bookdepository.com/Literature-Review-Lawrence-Anthony-Machi/9781412961356

The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success (Paperback) By (author) Lawrence Anthony Machi, By (author) Brenda T. McEvoy

book book and books on phd

2012-01-30T18:31:00.004Z

reading seeing n buying more and more info for me......................

http://www.postgraduateforum.com/threadViewer.aspx?TID=15600

How to write your PhD in 15 minutes a day by Jean Bolker. Invaluable.

I've seen a lot of people recommend Authoring a PhD by Dunleavy as well.

On this note, the reviews on Amazon seem to indicate this (Dunleavy's) is a good book for arts/social sciences - I'm in natural/medical sciences so is Phillips' general enough to be applicable to me? I've also been looking at "The Unwritten Rules of PhD Research" by Rugg and Pat Cryer's "The Research Student's Guide to Success" -

The best general phd study book I have read is "How to get a PhD" by Phillips and Pugh. It is very readable with shed-loads of advice incuding a very notable section on 'how not to get a phd'. 'Hope this helps.

====

another source

http://thethesiswhisperer.wordpress.com/2010/11/18/5-books-to-help-you-with-your-phd/

5 books to help you with your PhD

1. The craft of Research by Wayne Booth, Greg Colomb and Joseph Williams.

I wish I owned the copyright to this one because I am sure they sell a shed load every year. Although it seems to be written for undergraduates, PhD students like it for its straight forward, unfussy style. Just about every aspect of research is covered: from considering your audience to planning and writing a paper (or thesis). The section on asking research questions is an excellent walk through of epistemology: an area many people find conceptually difficult. I find it speaks to both science and non science people, but, like all books I have encountered in the ‘self help’ PhD genre, The Craft of Research does have a bias towards ‘traditional’ forms of research practice. You creative researcher types might like to buy it anyway, if only to help you know what you are departing from.

2. How to write a better thesis by Paul Gruba and David Evans

This was the first book I ever bought on the subject, which probably accounts for my fondness for it. I have recommended it to countless students over the 6 or so years I have been Thesis Whispering, many of whom write to thank me. The appealing thing about this book is that it doesn’t try to do too much. It sticks to the mechanics of writing a basic introduction> literature review> methods> results> conclusion style thesis, but I used it to write a project based creative research thesis when I did my masters and found the advice was still valid. Oh – and the price point is not bad either. If you can only afford one book on the list I would get this one.

3. Helping Doctoral Students to write by Barbara Kamler and Pat Thomson

I won an award for my thesis and this book is why. In Helping doctoral students to write Kamler and Thomson explain the concept of ‘scholarly grammar’, providing plenty of before and after examples which even the grammar disabled like myself can understand. I constantly recommend this book to students, but I find that one has to be at a certain stage in the PhD process to really hear what it has to say. I’m not sure why this is, but if you have been getting frustratingly vague feedback from your supervisors – who are unhappy but can’t quite tell you why – you probably need to read this book. It is written for social science students, so scientists might be put off by the style – but please don’t let that stop you from giving it a go. Physicists and engineers have told me they loved the book too. If you want a bit more of the conceptual basis behind the book, read this earlier post on why a thesis is a bit like an avatar.

4. The unwritten rules of PhD research by Marian Petre and Gordon Rugg

I love this book because it recognises the social complexities of doing a PhD, without ever becoming maudlin. Indeed it’s genuinely funny in parts, which makes it a pleasure to read. The authors are at their best when explaining how academia works, such as the concept of ‘sharks in the water’ (the feeding frenzy sometimes witnessed in presentations when students make a mistake and are jumped on by senior academics) and the typology of supervisors. It’s also one of the better references I have found on writing conference papers.

5. 265 trouble shooting strategies for writing non fiction Barbara Fine Clouse

This book is great because it doesn’t try to teach you how to write – you already know how to do that. What you need more is something to help you tweak your writing and improve it. This book is basically a big list of strategies you might like to try when you are stuck, or bored with the way you are writing. This book is so useful I have literally loved it to death – the spine is hopelessly broken and pages are held in by sticky tape. There are many wonderful tips in here from ‘free writing’ and ‘write it backwards’ ideas, to diagramming methods and analytical tools. Opening it at almost any page will give you an idea of something new to try.

What books would be on your top 5 list and why?

===http://thethesiswhisperer.wordpress.com/2010/11/18/5-books-to-help-you-with-your-phd/

====

http://phdtips.com/

How to finish your PhD

Matt Schonlau's Great Tips - the most detailed, honest and useful advice you can ever find on how to finish your PhD, written by Matt Schonlau; he provides you with a concise but thorough insight into all major aspects of doing and finishing your PhD. What you have to keep in mind doing a PhD: how to focus on your goals for a longer time, how to plan your life in accordance with your research and how not to lose track in order to finish your PhD within a reasonable timeframe. (2003) Start with this one!

The Unwritten Rules of PhD Research (Study Skills)
This book covers all the aspects you wish someone had told you before you started your PhD and provides you with useful tips on how to come through your PhD with a happy ending; written by Gordon Rugg and Marian Petre; Paperback: 240 pages, Publisher: Open University Press (2004)

Doing a PhD in the Social Sciences: Myths, Tips and Strategies - some great tips on how to do a PhD, written by Dr Kevin Morrell, Senior Lecturer in Human Resource Management & Organisational Behaviour. (2009)

Mastering Your Ph.D.: Countdown to Your Thesis Defence - Mastering Your Ph.D.: Countdown to Your Thesis Defence; a concise article on how to finish graduate school; by Bart Noordam, Patricia Gosling, Authors of Mastering Your PhD: Survival and Success in the Doctoral Years and Beyond (2007)

So long, and thanks for the PhD! - "Everything I wanted to know about C.S. graduate school at the beginning but didn't learn until later"; a somewhat lengthy but definitely useful and informative personal story told by Ronald T. Azuma, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2003). Take your time and read this one, too!

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Writing Tips for PhD students

Writing Tips for PhD Students (PDF) - if you are a PhD student, you can't miss this paper! It provides you with some of the best writing tips for PhD students available online, written by John H. Cochrane, University of Chicago (2005)

Ph.D. Thesis Research: Where do I Start? (PDF) - Ph.D. Thesis Research: Where do I Start? Great advice from finding the right research topic to research strategies and writing your thesis; by Don Davis, Columbia University (2001)

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General tips for starting, doing and finishing a PhD

What They Don't Teach You in Graduate School - a well-written article with useful PhD tips (offering rules for finishing up that dissertation and finding a first job); by David E. Drew and Paul Gray, Professors of education and information science at Claremont Graduate University (2005)

Observations of a PhD student - a thorough collection of a PhD student's personal experience by Steven Halim, National University of Singapore (2008)

Useful tips from Holland - some general information and basic tips for PhD students, written by PhD students from the Utrecht University, Holland, containing questions they have asked themselves during their research, questions about how to get it started and how to get it finished, questions that they have never dared to ask...

Tips from an Ex-Grad Student (who actually finished his PhD) - Check out the best PhD Tips ever by Alex @ The PhD Tips Blog on Blogspot

http://phdtips.com/

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Authoring a PhD: How to Plan, Draft, Write and Finish a Doctoral Thesis or Dissertation (Palgrave Study Guides) [Paperback]

Patrick Dunleavy (Author)

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This text features a clear, understandable six-step method for streamlining the literature review process! Written in user-friendly language, this resource offers master's and doctoral level students in education and the social sciences a road map to developing and writing an effective literature review for a research project, thesis, or dissertation. Organized around a comprehensive and detailed six-step developmental model, the book provides guided exercises, graphics, charts, and examples from the everyday experiences of practitioners. Both novice and experienced researchers will find invaluable assistance for: selecting a topic; searching the literature; developing arguments; surveying the literature; critiquing the literature; and, writing the literature review.

The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success (Paperback) By (author) Lawrence Anthony Machi, By (author) Brenda T. McEvoy

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dari blog saiful islam - surah al kahfi

2012-01-27T15:46:00.004Z

Kuliah Ibrah Daripada Surah al-Kahfi Melabuhkan Tirainya

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http://saifulislam.com/?p=9402

more here

http://www.4shared.com/account/dir/jjeGu740/sharing.html?rnd=80...jazakallah

http://www.4shared.com/dir/HGIQmphZ/Kuliah_Ust_HasrizalWangsa_Maju.html

http://www.4shared.com/mp3/Hdv6PU8M/mac10_-_ustaz_hasrizal_abdul_j.html?

http://www.imranhosein.org/audio.html

http://bomb-mp3.com/mp3/tafsir_ayat_tarbawi.html

banyak nya ilmu ALLAH

thank you ALLAH

=====

ebahagian daripada buku rujukan yang saya gunakan di sepanjang siri Kuliah ini. Buku utamanya adalah Ma’a Qasas al-Sabiqeen fee al-Qur’aan oleh Sheikh Solah Abd al-Fattah al-Khaalidi

Alhamdulillah!

Kuliah bersiri Ibrah Daripada Surah al-Kahfi tamat malam ini.

Setelah setahun lebih menelusi empat kisah besar di dalam Surah itu, malam tadi di Surau an-Naim Wangsa Maju, kembara jemaah bersama kisah Ashaab al-Kahf, Lelaki Kafir Pemilik Dua Kebun, Musa dan Khaidir ‘alayhima al-Salaam dan Dzulqarnain, berakhir dengan rumusan Sayyid Qutb berkenaan teladan penting kisah Dzulqarnain.

Keempat-empat kisah utama yang terkandung di dalam Surah Makkiyyah ini, mendukung proses yang amat besar. Ia membetulkan sistem kepercayaan, membetulkan pandangan hidup dan cara berfikir (world view and mindset), dan ia juga membetulkan sistem nilai. Inilah rumusan sahib Tafsir fee Dhelaal al-Quran tentang enjin di sebalik peranan Surah al-Kahfi membentengi umat Islam daripada fitnah Dajjal.

Biar pun saya berusaha mengekalkan pembentangan pada hanya memperincikan apa yang diperincikan oleh Allah dan Rasulullah sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, dan meninggalkan apa yang ditinggalkan oleh al-Quran dan al-Sunnah, kuliah Ibrah Daripada Surah al-Kahfi ini tetap memerlukan saya untuk membaca pelbagai bahan, sama ada yang menyokong atau bertentangan, yang datang dari sumber Islam mahu pun bukan Islam.

Salah satu slaid Powerpoint© yang digunakan semasa kuliah

KISAH ASHAAB AL-KAHF

Kisah ini membetulkan kepercayaan, serta cara untuk mempercayai sesuatu.

Ia adalah sebuah kisah yang amat ringkas pada jalan penceritaan. Namun ia dinobat sebagai kisah paling utama Surah ini. Ringkasnya cerita yang dianggap cerita terpenting, menyebabkan sebahagian kita cuba untuk meluaskan penceritaan dengan mencedok penjelasan di luar al-Quran dan al-Sunnah. Akan tetapi, jika kita komited dengan kaedah al-Quran membentangkan sejarah, yakni kisah-kisah umat terdahulu, kita akan menyingkap 1001 rahsia di sebalik kehalusan Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’aala memilih perkataan di dalam bait-bait wahyu Al-Quran.

Menegur peminat dan pembangga kisah pelik, membetulkan tanggapan terhadap anak muda, menghuraikan keunikan Rahmat Allah yang diminta Ashaab al-Kahfi, kerjasama tentera-tentera Allah yang tersirat untuk menyokong pemuda itu, keunikan umat Tauhid yang mempunyai sistem hitungan kalendar pada sebutan 300 tahun tambah 9, sikap orang awam dan ahli bid’ah pada membina masjid di atas kubur Ashaab al-Kahfi serta pelbagai lagi huraian tentang kepercayaan, cara berfikir dan cara menilai, menghiasi kisah ringkas tetapi kaya dan padat ini.

Ia memfokuskan kepada fitnah Aqidah yang menjadi senjata berbahaya Dajjal menyesatkan umat.

KISAH KAFIR PEMILIK DUA KEBUN DAN SAHABATNYA SEORANG MUKMIN

Kisah ini diperselisihkan Ulama sama ada ia kisah yang benar-benar berlaku atau ia sekadar tamsilan.

Namun dek kepentingan isi serta pembentangannya yang selari dengan tiga kisah lain di dalam Surah al-Kahfi, maka kita cenderung kepada pendapat Ulama’ yang menerima kisah ini sebagai kisah yang benar-benar terjadi biar pun kosong dari nama watak, serta tiada kisah yang selari dengannya di dalam Israiliyyat.

Ia membetulkan cara memandang lelaki kafir yang dua kebunnya subur dengan pelbagai tanaman, mengeluarkan hasil bersilih ganti tidak berhenti-henti, hingga tidak terbayangkan semua itu ada ajalnya. Menafikan Kiamat dan cuba menyedapkan hati dengan meyakinkan diri bahawa kekayaan dunia juga adalah kekayaan Akhirat, kepercayaan lelaki kafir yang kaya raya itu dibetulkan dengan nasihat mudah tetapi mendalam rakannya yang Mukmin.

Jangan disangka semua yang berhasil itu berada di dalam genggaman tangan sendiri, justeru sebutlah Masya Allah, Laa Quwwata illaa biLlaah tatkala melihat kesuburan tanaman yang diusaha.

Betulkan cara kita menaggap kehidupan.

Jangan tertipu oleh keindahan dunia transit hingga lupa kepada hakikat destinasi sebenar yang dituju.

Kisah ini menyediakan diri seorang Mukmin pada mendepani fitnah harta kekayaan sebagai senjata penyesat manusia.

KISAH PENGEMBARAAN MUSA DAN KHAIDIR ALAYHIMA AL-SALAAM

Ada peringkat-peringkat tertentu di dalam perjalanan hidup ini, yang Allah tangguhkan hikmahnya untuk digarap oleh akal manusia yang terhad.

Menjaga diri di dalam pelukan sabar, melihat yang tersirat di sebalik yang tersurat, tidak gopoh dalam mengejar faham, bersabar dan ikhlas dalam usaha mencari ilmu mengenal diri, alam dan Tuhan, kesemuanya dibentangkan dengan begitu unik di dalam kisah ini.

Ilmu yang datang bersama rahmat Allah.

Ilmu yang datang secara terpisah daripada rahmat-Nya.

Fitnah ilmu, turut menjadi lorong-lorong fitnah Dajjal menyesatkan umat.

http://saifulislam.com/?p=9402

KISAH DZULQARNAIN

Luasnya kerajaan Dzulqarnain, sama luasnya dengan kupasan yang wujud di dalam legasi ilmu tentang beliau.

Cyrus atau Alexander, mana satu Dzulqarnain? Yakjuj Makjuj itu Yahudi, Cina atau Turki? Siapakah kaum-kaum yang ditemuinya di dalam tiga kembara ke Barat, Timur dan Utara? Kesemua soalan itu enak dijadikan bahan kajian, hingga kita mungkin akhirnya terlupa, bahawa paksi utama kisah ini adalah Dzulqarnain dan kuasanya.

Dzulqarnain dipaparkan sebagai contoh mithali seorang pemimpin, yang Aqidahnya benar, Pandangannya luas dan bernas. Penilaiannya adil dan mengangkat penilaian Tuhan, Dzulqarnain membentangkan watak peribadi pemimpin yang Soleh, serta watak peribadi pemimpin yang berwawasan. Dia tidak menjadikan posisinya sebagai peluang mengaut kepentingan diri, tidak memperhambakan rakyat di wilayah baru, tidak memanipulasi kemunduran jiwa dan pemikiran rakyat.

Dzulqarnain memaparkan bentuk good governance yang baik, sebagai teladan buat pemimpin yang menjunjung Taqwa.

Dzulqarnain bukan sahaja berintegriti tinggi, malah kompetensinya luar biasa.

Beliau bukan sahaja menerima pelbagai kelebihan ilmu dan kemahiran, malah lebih utama beliau itu memanfaatkan kelebihan-kelebihan tersebut, serta memelihara tatacara kerjanya seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam kembaranya ke daerah Utara.

Adunan besi dan tembaga sebagai pengukuh radmun (gunung binaan), tidak sama sekali mengatasi sadd (gunung ‘semulajadi’), malah ketika berada di kemuncak pencapaian sains dan teknologi, Dzulqarnain memulangkan segalanya kepada Rahmat Allah, serta mengingatkan ajal segala makhluk, termasuk tembok agung yang hari sudah rebah, hingga wajah Rasulullah sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam menjadi merah, tatkala mimpi diperlihatkan Allah, Yakjuj dan Makjuj tidak lagi terkurung di belakang tembok, tetapi sudah menjadi sebahagian komuniti dunia.

Maka Laa Haula wa Laa Quwwata illaa Billaah!

Fitnah kuasa, juga bertindak sebagai cabang musibah Dajjal menyesatkan manusia. Wal’iyaadhabillaah!

Pengurusan Hidup :

- pengurusan kepercayaan - SPIRITUAL

- pengurusan harta - FIZIKAL

- pengurusan ilmu atau intellektual (kisah nabi musa dan nabi khaidir) - INTELLECTUAL

- pengurusan kuasa ( kisah dzulkarnain) - EMOTIONAL

4 kisah besar...

http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Asbabun_Nuzul_Sebab_Turunnya_Ayat_Al_Qur.html?id=8RJku3YafpMC&redir_esc=y

http://namasayaizzati.blogspot.com/2012/01/sebab-turunnya-surah-al-kahfi.html

Dan demikianlah Kami dedahkan hal mereka kepada orang ramai supaya orang-orang itu mengetahui bahawa janji Allah menghidupkan semula orang mati adalah benar, dan bahawa hari kiamat itu tidak ada sebarang syak padanya; pendedahan itu berlaku semasa orang-orang itu berbantahan sesama sendiri mengenai perkara hidupnya semula orang mati. Setelah itu maka (sebahagian dari) mereka berkata: Dirikanlah sebuah bangunan di sisi gua mereka, Allah jualah yang mengetahui akan hal ehwal mereka. orang-orang yang berkuasa atas urusan mereka (pihak raja) pula berkata: Sebenarnya kami hendak membina sebuah masjid di sisi gua mereka. (18 :21)

Tapi link di atas menceritakan begini,

Seorang pendeta Yahudi menjawab ," Cobalah kalian tanyakan tiga hal kepadanya. Tanyakanlah tentang sekelompok pemuda yang hidup pada zaman dahulu dan memiliki kisah menakjubkan. Lalu. Tanyakan kepadanya tentang lelaki gajah perkasa yang perkasa yang mengembara ke timur dan kebarat. Tanyakan pula kepadanya tentang ruh, apakah ruh itu ? jika dia bisa menjelaskan yang pertama dan kedua, serta tidak menjelaskan yang ketiga, dia benar-benar nabi " ..

Perihal roh, , diterangkan begini ;

Adapun pertanyaan mereka yang ketiga, yaitu tentang ruh, maka rasulullah, maka Rasulullah saw menjawabnya dengan firman Allah swt dalam surat Al Isra (17) ayat 85

” Dan mereka menanyakan kepadamu (Muhammad) tentang ruh. Katakanlah, Ruh itu termasuk urusan Tuhanku dan aku tidak diberi ilmu kecuali sedikit," .. ((17 : 85)

Apa-apa pun, Allah lebih tahu ..

Smuga bermanfaat !

source http://namasayaizzati.blogspot.com/2012/01/sebab-turunnya-surah-al-kahfi.html

more onsurah kahfi

the last 4 story on dzulkarnain from source

http://saifulislam.com/?p=2046

dari blog ustaz

Kebelakangan ini, saya banyak menerima soalan daripada sahabat-sahabat tentang komentar saya berhubung dengan hakikat Alexander the Great dan kaitannya dengan Dzulqarnain berdasarkan kacamata Islam. Di dalam kitab karangan Sheikh Solah Abdul Fattah al-Khalidi bertajuk Ma’a Qasas as-Sabiqeen fee al-Quran – Duroos fee al-Iman wa ad-Da’wah wa al-Jihad – Jilid 2 (Darul Qalam-Damascus, 1989), beliau telah mengumpulkan pendapat-pendapat Ulama dan kesimpulan berasaskan firman Allah SWT di dalam surah al-Kahf ayat 83 – 98 serta riwayat-riwayat yang sahih dan muktamad.

Berikut adalah sebahagian daripada kesimpulan yang telah saya ringkaskan. Namun Tafsir Surah al-Kahf ayat 83 – 89 belum sempat dibentangkan secara terpeinci tetapi bakal menyusul Insya Allah. Semoga bermanfaat kepada kita semua, Ameen.

SIAPAKAH DZULQARNAIN?

Diskusi mengenai biografi Dzulqarnain mestilah bermula dengan membuat keputusan tentang siapakah sebenarnya beliau.

- Pendapat Pertama:

o Beliau sezaman dengan Ibrahim Alayhissalaam.

o Dikatakan beliau bertemu dengan Ibrahim di Palestin

o Profesor Muhammad Khayr Ramadhan Yusuf memilih pendapat ini dengan menyatakan bahawa ia pendapat yang dipilih oleh para muarrikh yang tsiqah.

o Mereka yang beliau maksudkan adalah: Abu Hayyan (penulis al-Bahr al-Muhith), al-Qurtubi (penulis al-Jami’ li Ahkaam al-Quran), Sheikh Ege [??????] (penulis Tafsir Jami’ al-Bayaan), az-Zamakhsyari (penulis Tafsir al-Kasyaf), an-Nasafi (Tafsir Madarik at-Tanzil), Sulayman al-Jamal dan Ahmad as-Sowi di dalam hasyiah mereka terhadap Tafsir al-Jalalayn, al-Alusi (penulis Ruh al-Ma’aani), al-Azraqi, Ibnu Iyas (penulis Bada’ie az-Zuhoor fi Waqa’ie ad-Duhoor) dan Ali Duka (penulis Muhadharah al-Awa’il).

o Walau bagaimana pun tiada dalil yang muktamad dikemukakan oleh kesemua pihak di atas maka tiada ruang terhadap penerimaan pendapat mereka.

- Pendapat Kedua:

o Dzulqarnain itu adalah Alexander the Macedon

o Iaitu Alexander the Macedon, lahir di Macedonia tahun 356SM.

o Ayahnya adalah Philip, Raja Macedonia ketika itu.

o Philip menyerahkan anaknya Alexander kepada ahli falsafah, Aristotle untuk dididik.

o Philip mati ketika Alexander berusia 20 tahun lalu beliau mengambil alih takhta iaitu pada tahun 336SM.

o Selepas dua tahun menaiki takhta, beliau menyerang Parsi dan mengalahkan Raja Dara pada tahun 333SM lalu terus menawan Syam dan Iraq, seterusnya menawan India.

o Dalam tempoh 10 tahun pemerintahannya, beliau telah menawan hampir semua kerajaan yang wujud di masa itu.

o Kemudian beliau kembali ke Greece (Yunan).

o Di dalam perjalanan pulang, Alexander singgah di Babylon di Iraq untuk berehat.

o Beliau ditimpa demam panas selama 11 hari lalu meninggal dunia pada tahun 323SM ketika berusia 33 tahun.

o Digelar Dzulqarnain (Yang Memiliki Dua Tanduk) kerana berjaya menguasai kerajaan Yunan dan Parsi yang merupakan dua kuasa terbesar pada masa itu.

o Di antara yang berpendapat bahawa Alexander ini adalah Dzulqarnain yang disebutkan di dalam al-Quran, adalah majoriti ahli tafsir dan muarrikh seperti:

§ Al-Mas’udi, al-Maqrizi, ats-Tsa’labi, al-Idrisi, ar-Razi, Abu Hayyan, an-Nasafi, Abu al-Mas’ud, al-Alusi, al-Qasimi dan Muhammad Farid Wajdi

o Pendapat ini adalah batil kerana al-Quran menerangkan sifat-sifat Dzulqarnain sebagai seorang mukmin yang beriman, adil, zuhud terhadap harta dll.

o Ia berbeza dengan semua keterangan mengenai Alexander the Macedon yang musyrik, menyembah tuhan-tuhan Yunan, bergelumang dengan maksiat zina dan arak.

- Pendapat ketiga

o Beliau adalah salah seorang daripada Raja-raja Arab Hamir, bernama As-Sha’b Dzi Maratsid bin al-Harith bin ar-Ra’ish (????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????) atau Abu Bakr (atau Abu Karb) Umair bin Afriqish Al-Hamiri (???? ?? ?????? ???????) yang memerintah di antara tahun 300M – 320M

o Mereka yang berpendapat seperti ini adalah Wahab bin Munabbih, Kaab al-Ahbar, Muhammad Raghib at-Tabbakh.

o Pendapat ini langsung tiada bersandarkan kepada sebarang dalil kecuali perasaan cenderung kepada membanggakan bangsa Arab.

- Pendapat keempat

o Iaitu Dzulqarnain ini adalah Raja Kaurush (????) / Cyrus dari Parsi

o Iaitu yang telah menggabungkan kerajaan Lydia dan Media

o Memerintah selama 30 tahun iaitu daripada 559 SM – 539SM

o Ulama yang bersetuju dengan pendapat ini adalah:

§ Abu al-Kalam Aazad (??? ?????? ????) di dalam kitabnya Yas’aloonaka ‘an Dzil Qarnain (??????? ?? ?? ???????) serta Dr. Abdul ‘Aleem Abdul Rahman Khadar di dalam kitabnya Qissah Dzil Qarnain.

o Kaurush atau Cyrus disebut:

Parsi	????
Arab	???? / ??????
Yahudi	????
Greek	???????

CYRUS / KAURUSH

- Kaurush memerintah Parsi di era awal Sejarah Iran Parsi iaitu sebelum serangan Alexander the Macedon

- Parsi di masa itu terbahagi dua iaitu Kerajaan Faris di Selatan dan Media di Utara

- Apabila Kaurush menaiki takhta pada tahun 559SM, beliau telah menyatukan kedua-kedua kerajaan itu.

- Beliau mengembangkan empayarnya dengan tujuan membebaskan orang ramai yang dizalimi.

- Peperangannya yang masyhur adalah:

1. Peperangan di Barat menentang Rom

2. Peperangan di Timur

3. Peperangan di Utara

PEPERANGAN DI BARAT MENENTANG ROM

- Yunan pada masa itu adalah kerajaan yang berjiran iaitu Kerajaan Lydia yang terletak di utara Asia Minor dan mencakupi hingga ke Laut Hitam dan Laut Aegean

- Peperangan sentiasa berlarutan di antara Lydia (Yunan) dan Media (Parsi)

- Lydia pada masa itu diperintah oleh Raja Croesus

- Apabila Kaurush menaiki takhta, Croesus telah mengisytiharkan perang terhadap beliau.

- Kaurush telah menyiapkan bala tenteranya dan bergerak ke barat menuju Lydia sehingga mencetuskan dua pertempuran yang besar iaitu Patria dan Sardis.

- Croesus mengalami kekalahan dan Kerajaan Lydia telah ditundukkan menjadi sebahagian wilayah yang dikuasai oleh Kaurush.

- Kaurush melayan kaum Yunan yang kalah itu dengan baik dan adil

- Peperangan ini adalah peperangan pertama sebagaimana yang diisyaratkan oleh al-Quran. Ibukota Lydia iaitu Sardis terletak di Laut Aegean berhampiran bandar Izmir di Turki hari ini.

- Dr Abdul Aleem Abdul Rahman Khadar menjelaskan sifat di kawasan Laut Aegean berhampiran Izmir itu menyerupai sifat matahari yang tenggelam di lumpur hitam sebagaimana yang dibahasakan oleh al-Quran surah al-Kahf ayat 86. Keterangan lanjut terdapat di dalam kitabnya (Mafahim Geografiyyah fee al-Qasas al-Qurani)

PEPERANGAN DI TIMUR

- Pada masa yang sama, di sempadan Timur terhadap kabilah yang berpindah randah, melakukan pelbagai fasad di pinggiran kerajaan Kaurush.

- Selepas menewaskan Croesus, Kaurush menuju ke timur dan menundukkan kabilah-kabilah tersebut.

- Pembukaan kawasan Timur itu mencecah Sungai Sind, meliputi wilayah Isfahan, Khurasan, Qum dan lain-lain.

- Kabilah-kabilah tersebut hidup berpindah randah dan tidak memiliki rumah. Oleh kerana itu mereka tidak mempunyai sebarang teduhan bagi melindungi mereka apabila cuaca meningkat panas sebagaimana yang disebutkan di dalam surah al-Kahf ayat 90.

PEPERANGAN DI UTARA BERHADAPAN DENGAN YA’JUJ DAN MA’JUJ

- Selepas mengukuhkan kedudukannya di Barat (mengalahkan Kerajaan Lydia), dan di Timur (menewaskan kabilah-kabilah perosak) serta sempadan Selatan (penawanan Babylon), Kaurush bergerak ke Utara untuk mengukuhkan sempadan di sana.

- Kawasan Utara yang dimaksudkan adalah daerah Georgia, Adzerbaijan dan Armenia yang terletak di selatan Pergunungan Kokaz (Caucasian)

- Seluruh kawasan tersebut adalah bergunung-ganang dan tiada laluan dari Utara ke Selatan kecuali dengan melalui Daryal Pass

- Kawasan selatan Pergunungan Kokaz didiami oleh kaum Kochia dan kawasan utara pula didiami oleh kaum Moghol yang liar dan ganas iaitu kabilah Scythian atau Ya’juj dan Ma’juj sebagaimana yang diterangkan oleh al-Quran.

- Kaum Kochia adalah kaum yang disifatkan oleh surah al-Kahf ayat 93 sebagai kaum yang hampir-hampir tidak mengerti sebarang perkataan.

- Mereka meminta kepada Kaurush supaya membantu mereka menghadapi serangan kaum Scythian itu.

- Kaurush telah bermastautin di kawasan kaum Kochia selama 9 tahun untuk membina tembok yang membentengi Daryal Pass dari serangan Ya’juj dan Ma’juj tersebut.

TEMBOK DZULQARNAIN DI DARYAL PASS

- Al-Qasimi menghuraikan berkenaan hal ini menyebut “Pendapat yang terpilih adalah tembok ini wujud di kawasan Daghistan yang kini di bawah penguasaan Russia iaitu di antara bandar Darband dan Khuzar. Di antara dua bandar ini terdapat suatu laluan sempit yang telah dikenali semenjak dulu hingga sekarang sebagai “The Barrier” (????). Di situ terdapat suatu benteng yang dikenali sebagai “The Iron Gate” (??? ??????) iaitu suatu binaan tua yang terletak di antara dua gunung. Ia masyhur di kalangan Arab sebagai Gunung Qaf.

- Pergunungan Caucasian itu juga amat tinggi serta banjarannya begitu panjang. Tidak mungkin banjaran tersebut dapat dilepasi kecuali melalui Daryal Pass sahaja yang terletak benar-benar di pertengahan banjaran tersebut. Banjaran berkenaan adalah sepanjang 1200km dan tiada laluan lain kecuali Daryal Pass sahaja.

KESUDAHAN CYRUS DAN EMPAYARNYA

- Cyrus menaiki takhta pada tahun 559SM dan memerintah selama 30 tahun.

- Berdasarkan pembahagian kawasan hari ini, empayar Cyrus meliputi Palestin, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turki, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, utara Pakistan, Afghanistan dan Turkistan.

- Berkemungkinan, kekuasaannya ke atas kawasan-kawasan tersebut menyebabkan beliau digelar sebagai Dzulqarnain.

- Beliau meninggal dunia pada tahun 529SM.

- Selepas kematian Cyrus, pemerintahannya diwarisi oleh anak lelaki beliau Cambyses.

- Cambyses telah menawan Mesir pada 525SM.

- Penduduk Media di bawah kepimpinan Gaumata telah memberontak.

- Cambyses pergi ke Mesir untuk menundukkan pemberontakan tetapi mati dalam perjalanan di Syam.

- Oleh kerana Cyrus tiada anak selain Cambyses, maka pemerintahan diserahkan kepada anak saudara beliau iaitu Darius.

- Selepas kematian Darius, pemerintahan diwarisi oleh Ardashir (Artaxerxes) dan dialah yang telah diserang oleh Alexander the Macedon hingga terbunuh dan dengan itu berakhirlah pemerintahan kerajaan yang diasaskan oleh Cyrus (Kaurush).

AKHLAK CYRUS DAN AKHLAK DZULQARNAIN

- Dzulqarnain sebagaimana yang digambarkan oleh al-Quran merupakan seorang pemimpin yang adil.

- Cyrus juga terbukti sifatnya sebagai adil, berlaku baik dan belas kasihan seperti yang ditunjukkan beliau ketika menawan kerajaan Lydia dan melayan Raja yang ditawan, Croesus.

- Bapa Sejarah Yunan, Herodotus memberikan kesaksian: “Cyrus adalah seorang pemimpin yang mulia dan amat pemurah. Beliau tidak sibuk mengumpulkan harta sebagaimana raja-raja yang lain bahkan sebaliknya, beliau amat pemurah dan suka memberi. Beliau bersusah payah membantu golongan yang ditindas, sentiasa menyukai perkara kebaikan untuk sekalian manusia.

- Begitu juga dengan Xenophon, ahli sejarah Yunan, turut memberikan kesaksian yang sama terhadap ketinggian akhlak Cyrus

CYRUS BERIMAN DENGAN ALLAH

- Al-Quran secara jelas menerangkan bahawa Dzulqarnain beriman dengan Allah, sentiasa mengingatiNya, bersyukur dengan segala nikmat pemberianNya dan mengiktiraf segala kurniaan dan kemuliaanNya.

- Abu al-Kalam Aazar menjelaskan bahawa akidah Cyrus itu adalah berasaskan Tauhid kepada Allah, beliau menyembahNya dan mengikhlaskan diri kepada agamaNya.

- Cyrus itu mengikut agama Zoroaster (Zoroastrian) yang dahulunya berasaskan kepada Tauhid.

- Beliau telah meninggalkan agama lama kerajaan Mada (Medes) iaitu agama Majusi.

- Selepas kematian Cyrus, penganut agama Majusi telah bangun menentang agama Zoroaster.

- Zoroastrian di zaman Cyrus adalah ahli Tauhid yang beriman dengan Allah. Akan tetapi agama tersebut telah terseleweng oleh komuniti Majusi.

- Umat Islam tidak pernah melupakan asas Tauhid pada Zoroastrian. Rasulullah SAW pernah bersabda (????? ??? ??? ??? ??????) yang bermaksud, “lakukanlah kepada mereka sebagaimana yang dilakukan kepada Ahli Kitab dari kalangan Yahudi dan Nasrani”. Kerana itulah umat Islam mengambil jizyah daripada mereka.

- Dalam erti kata yang lain, Zoroastrian itu adalah agama Samawi yang telah mengalami nasib yang sama seperti Yahudi dan Kristian, iaitu kepercayaan rosak dan terseleweng oleh perbuatan manusia.

- Abu al-Kalam Aazad menyimpulkan bahawa Zoroaster itu adalah Nabi yang diutuskan kepada bangsa Parsi dan Cyrus adalah pengikut kepadanya sebelum agama itu kemudiaannya terseleweng. Wallahu A’lam

ABU SAIF, Kuala Lumpur 2 Februari 2005

http://saifulislam.com/?p=2046

menarilk prof perancis dan mumia firaun

2012-01-27T15:12:00.002Z

http://abidanial.com/pakar-bedah-autopsi-perancis-masuk-islam-setelah-mengkaji-mayat-firaun

Mayat Firaun walaupun di dasar laut/sungai tapi tidak hancur seperti mayat manusia lain... yang bila jatuh ke dalam sungai atau laut dalam kadar masa yang lama akan mengelembung atau pecah2. tetapi mayat firaun tidak begitu.. seorang professor dari perancis(tak silap..) telah membuat kajian melalui beberapa kitab yang ada di dunia seperti bible, kitab majusi dan etc.... tetapi tak jumper di mana jawapan untuk persoalan Firaun ini...... salah seorang sahabat rekemen untuk mengkaji Al-Quran.. dan professor itu jumpa jawapan dalam Al-Quran (surah apa tak ingat) " Maka kami pelihara jasad firaun untuk orang selepasnya mengkaji firaun...(lebih kurang mcm tuh lah)".. maka professor itu mengalirkan air mata dan memeluk agama suci ISLAM......

http://abidanial.com/pakar-bedah-autopsi-perancis-masuk-islam-setelah-mengkaji-mayat-firaun

The Power of Positive Thinking - Dr. Norman Vincent Peale

2012-01-27T15:06:00.000Z

The Power of Positive Thinking - Dr. Norman Vincent Peale

The Power of Positive Thinking - Dr. Norman Vincent Peale

Norman Vincent Peale - Quotes

2012-01-27T15:03:00.001Z

http://www.makemoneywithpyxism.info/joinstevehawk.com/PowerOfPositiveThinking.pdf

Anybody can do just about anything with himself that he really wants to and makes up his mind to do. We are capable of greater things than we realize.

People become really quite remarkable when they start thinking that they can do things. When they believe in themselves they have the first secret of success.

Our happiness depends on the habit of mind we cultivate. So practice happy thinking every day. Cultivate the merry heart, develop the happiness habit, and life will become a continual feast.

Watch your manner of speech if you wish to develop a peaceful state of mind. Start each day by affirming peaceful, contented and happy attitudes and your days will tend to be pleasant and successful.

Drop the idea that you are Atlas carrying the world on your shoulders. The world would go on even without you. Don't take yourself so seriously.

The life of inner peace, being harmonious and without stress, is the easiest type of existence.

You can have peace of mind, improved health and an ever-increasing flow of energy. Life can be full of joy and satisfaction.

It is of practical value to learn to like yourself. Since you must spend so much time with yourself you might as well get some satisfaction out of the relationship.

Change your thoughts and you change your world.

The person who sends out positive thoughts activates the world around him positively and draws back to himself positive results.

Believe in yourself! Have faith in your abilities! Without a humble but reasonable confidence in your own powers you cannot be successful or happy.

Never talk defeat. Use words like hope, belief, faith, victory.

Any fact facing us is not as important as our attitude toward it, for that determines our success or failure.

Stand up to your obstacles and do something about them. You will find that they haven't half the strength you think they have.

Imagination is the true magic carpet.

Be humble, be big in mind and soul, be kindly; you will like yourself that way and so will other people.

It's always too early to quit.

If you have zest and enthusiasm you attract zest and enthusiasm. Life does give back in kind.

If you paint in your mind a picture of bright and happy expectations, you put yourself into a condition conducive to your goal.

There is real magic in enthusiasm. It spells the difference between mediocrity and accomplishment.

Norman Vincent Peale Quotes

positive thinking again

2012-01-27T15:02:00.001Z

http://lifenstudy.blogspot.com/2011/09/power-of-positive-thinking-practical.html

http://www.makemoneywithpyxism.info/joinstevehawk.com/PowerOfPositiveThinking.pdf

interesting = less tv or is it better no tv???

2012-01-08T08:33:00.003Z

###found this in info here at

http://uk.lifestyle.yahoo.com/new-year-resolutions-for-the-family.html

Watch less TV

Research reveals that UK children aged 11 to 15 watch an average 52 hours of TV a week. And while telly in itself is not a bad thing, heavy reliance on the box can be damaging for children’s development and the emotional health of families, say experts.

Dr Aric Sigman, associate fellow of the British Psychological Society, believes watching too much TV puts little ones at increased risk of health problems, from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to obesity.

Meanwhile, as an activity, watching the television is increasingly solitary, cutting into valuable time together.

How to cut back? Ditch TV as a bedtime pastime for kids and read a story instead; keep televisions and computers out of children’s bedrooms; don’t put the telly on as background noise; help children plan their viewing with a TV guide, ensuring they are more selective about what they watch. And then go and do something different instead…

or step to watch less

at

http://www.wikihow.com/Watch-Less-TV

Get a TiVo or another P/DVR. People with TiVo's and DVR's watch less TV, but get to watch the programs that they like. You don't feel like you're losing valuable TV time, and you are forced to choose between shows that you can't live without and shows that you can do without.

tryread here too

http://www.becomingminimalist.com/2010/05/14/ten-reasons-to-watch-less-television/

how to read a paper === for a phd?

2012-01-01T12:13:00.000Z

source

http://ukeirempa.org/

S. Keshav David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada keshav@uwaterloo.ca

ABSTRACT
Researchers spend a great deal of time reading research pa- pers. However, this skill is rarely taught, leading to much wasted effort. This article outlines a practical and efficient three-pass method for reading research papers. I also de- scribe how to use this method to do a literature survey.
1. INTRODUCTION

Researchers must read papers for several reasons: to re- view them for a conference or a class, to keep current in their field, or for a literature survey of a new field. A typi- cal researcher will likely spend hundreds of hours every year reading papers.
Learning to efficiently read a paper is a critical but rarely taught skill. Beginning graduate students, therefore, must learn on their own using trial and error. Students waste much effort in the process and are frequently driven to frus- tration.
For many years I have used a simple approach to efficiently read papers. This paper describes the ‘three-pass’ approach and its use in doing a literature survey.
2. THE THREE-PASS APPROACH
The key idea is that you should read the paper in up to three passes, instead of starting at the beginning and plow- ing your way to the end. Each pass accomplishes specific goals and builds upon the previous pass: The first pass gives you a general idea about the paper. The second pass lets you grasp the paper’s content, but not its details. The third pass helps you understand the paper in depth.
2.1 The first pass
The first pass is a quick scan to get a bird’s-eye view of the paper. You can also decide whether you need to do any more passes. This pass should take about five to ten minutes and consists of the following steps:
1. Carefully read the title, abstract, and introduction
2. Read the section and sub-section headings, but ignore everything else
3. Read the conclusions
4. Glance over the references, mentally ticking off the ones you’ve already read

At the end of the first pass, you should be able to answer the five Cs:
1. Category: What type of paper is this? A measure- ment paper? An analysis of an existing system? A description of a research prototype?
2. Context: Which other papers is it related to? Which theoretical bases were used to analyze the problem?
3. Correctness: Do the assumptions appear to be valid? 4. Contributions: What are the paper’s main contributions? 5. Clarity: Is the paper well written?
Using this information, you may choose not to read fur- ther. This could be because the paper doesn’t interest you, or you don’t know enough about the area to understand the paper, or that the authors make invalid assumptions. The first pass is adequate for papers that aren’t in your research area, but may someday prove relevant.

Incidentally, when you write a paper, you can expect most reviewers (and readers) to make only one pass over it. Take care to choose coherent section and sub-section titles and to write concise and comprehensive abstracts. If a reviewer cannot understand the gist after one pass, the paper will likely be rejected; if a reader cannot understand the high- lights of the paper after five minutes, the paper will likely never be read.
2.2 The second pass
In the second pass, read the paper with greater care, but ignore details such as proofs. It helps to jot down the key points, or to make comments in the margins, as you read.

1.
2.
Look carefully at the figures, diagrams and other illus- trations in the paper. Pay special attention to graphs. Are the axes properly labeled? Are results shown with error bars, so that conclusions are statistically sig- nificant? Common mistakes like these will separate rushed, shoddy work from the truly excellent.

Remember to mark relevant unread references for fur- ther reading (this is a good way to learn more about the background of the paper).

The second pass should take up to an hour. After this pass, you should be able to grasp the content of the paper. You should be able to summarize the main thrust of the pa- per, with supporting evidence, to someone else. This level of detail is appropriate for a paper in which you are interested, but does not lie in your research speciality.
Sometimes you won’t understand a paper even at the end of the second pass. This may be because the subject matter is new to you, with unfamiliar terminology and acronyms. Or the authors may use a proof or experimental technique that you don’t understand, so that the bulk of the pa- per is incomprehensible. The paper may be poorly written with unsubstantiated assertions and numerous forward ref- erences. Or it could just be that it’s late at night and you’re tired. You can now choose to: (a) set the paper aside, hoping you don’t need to understand the material to be successful in your career, (b) return to the paper later, perhaps after reading background material or (c) persevere and go on to the third pass.

2.3 The third pass
To fully understand a paper, particularly if you are re- viewer, requires a third pass. The key to the third pass is to attempt to virtually re-implement the paper: that is, making the same assumptions as the authors, re-create the work. By comparing this re-creation with the actual paper, you can easily identify not only a paper’s innovations, but also its hidden failings and assumptions.
This pass requires great attention to detail. You should identify and challenge every assumption in every statement. Moreover, you should think about how you yourself would present a particular idea. This comparison of the actual with the virtual lends a sharp insight into the proof and presentation techniques in the paper and you can very likely add this to your repertoire of tools. During this pass, you should also jot down ideas for future work.
This pass can take about four or five hours for beginners, and about an hour for an experienced reader. At the end of this pass, you should be able to reconstruct the entire structure of the paper from memory, as well as be able to identify its strong and weak points. In particular, you should be able to pinpoint implicit assumptions, missing citations to relevant work, and potential issues with experimental or analytical techniques.

3. DOING A LITERATURE SURVEY
Paper reading skills are put to the test in doing a literature survey. This will require you to read tens of papers, perhaps in an unfamiliar field. What papers should you read? Here is how you can use the three-pass approach to help.
First, use an academic search engine such as Google Scholar or CiteSeer and some well-chosen keywords to find three to five recent papers in the area. Do one pass on each pa- per to get a sense of the work, then read their related work sections. You will find a thumbnail summary of the recent work, and perhaps, if you are lucky, a pointer to a recent survey paper. If you can find such a survey, you are done. Read the survey, congratulating yourself on your good luck.
Otherwise, in the second step, find shared citations and repeated author names in the bibliography. These are the key papers and researchers in that area. Download the key papers and set them aside. Then go to the websites of the key researchers and see where they’ve published recently.
That will help you identify the top conferences in that field because the best researchers usually publish in the top con- ferences.
The third step is to go to the website for these top con- ferences and look through their recent proceedings. A quick scan will usually identify recent high-quality related work. These papers, along with the ones you set aside earlier, con- stitute the first version of your survey. Make two passes through these papers. If they all cite a key paper that you did not find earlier, obtain and read it, iterating as neces- sary.

4. EXPERIENCE
I’ve used this approach for the last 15 years to read con- ference proceedings, write reviews, do background research, and to quickly review papers before a discussion. This dis- ciplined approach prevents me from drowning in the details before getting a bird’s-eye-view. It allows me to estimate the amount of time required to review a set of papers. More- over, I can adjust the depth of paper evaluation depending on my needs and how much time I have.

5. RELATED WORK
If you are reading a paper to do a review, you should also read Timothy Roscoe’s paper on “Writing reviews for sys- tems conferences” [1]. If you’re planning to write a technical paper, you should refer both to Henning Schulzrinne’s com- prehensive web site [2] and George Whitesides’s excellent overview of the process [3].

6. A REQUEST
I would like to make this a living document, updating it as I receive comments. Please take a moment to email me any comments or suggestions for improvement. You can also add comments at CCRo, the online edition of CCR [4].
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The first version of this document was drafted by my stu- dents: Hossein Falaki, Earl Oliver, and Sumair Ur Rahman. My thanks to them. I also benefited from Christophe Diot’s perceptive comments and Nicole Keshav’s eagle-eyed copy- editing.
This work was supported by grants from the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chair Program, Nortel Networks, Microsoft, Intel Corporation, and Sprint Corporation.
8. REFERENCES
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 84
Volume 37, Number 3, July 2007

[1]T. Roscoe, “Writing Reviews for Systems Conferences,” http://people.inf.ethz.ch/troscoe/pubs/review- writing.pdf.
[2]H. Schulzrinne, “Writing Technical Articles,” http://www.cs.columbia.edu/ hgs/etc/writing- style.html.

[3]G.M. Whitesides, “Whitesides’ Group: Writing a Paper,” http://www.che.iitm.ac.in/misc/dd/writepaper.pdf.

[4]ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review Online, http://www.sigcomm.org/ccr/drupal/.

2011-12-02T06:30:00.001Z

"Sesungguhnya seorang mukmin apabila berjumpa seorang mukmin, lalu dia memberi salam kepadanya serta berjabat tangan dengannya maka gugurlah dosa-dosa seperti gugurnya daun yang kering." (Hadis diriwayatkan oleh Iman At-Tabarani).

"Sesungguhnya seorang mukmin apabila berjumpa seorang mukmin, lalu dia memberi salam kepadanya serta berjabat tangan dengannya maka gugurlah dosa-dosa

2011-12-02T06:27:00.001Z

"Daripada Abi Zar Radiallahuanhu katanya: Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam bersabda kepadaku: Janganlah engkau pandang ringan perbuatan baik, sekalipun kecil, walaupun hanya dengan menunjukkan muka manis ketika engkau bertemu dengan saudaramu."*

Bagaimana Islam mengajar umatnya bersalam?. Telitikan dalil di bawah:

*Di antara cara yang boleh membina hubungan baik sesama manusia ialah dengan bersalam-salaman, firman Allah Subhanahu Wataala dalam Surah An-Nisaa' ayat 86 yang tafsirannya:

"Apabila kamu diberi hormat (salam) maka balaslah hormat itu dengan cara yang lebih baik lagi, atau menjawab sepertinya. Sesungguhnya Allah sentiasa menghitung tiap-tiap sesuatu."

Bersalaman ini boleh mengeratkan silaturahim di antara satu dengan yang lain. Apatah lagi bersalaman dengan berjabat tangan adalah amalan yang amat dituntut oleh Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam, sebagaimana hadis Baginda Rasululllah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam yang berbunyi:

Ucapkanlah salam dan berjabat tanganlah dengan sempurna kerana kita akan mendapat pahala kebajikan, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam hadis Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam dari Imran bin Al-Hussin Radiallahuanhu, katanya: "Ada seorang lelaki datang kepada Nabi Muhammad Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam lalu ia mengucapkan: Assalamualaikum... kemudian Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam membalas salam orang tadi lalu duduk terus bersabda: 'Sepuluh'. Maksudnya pahalanya dilipatkan sepuluh kali� selanjutnya datang pula orang lain lalu ia mengucapkan: Assalamualaikum Warahmatullah� kemudian Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam membalas salam orang itu lalu duduk lagi dan bersabda: 'Dua puluh' maksudnya pahalanya dilipatkan menjadi dua puluh kali� seterusnya ada pula orang lain datang, lalu mengucapkan: Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh kemudian Rasulullah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam membalas salam tersebut, lalu terus duduk bersabda: 'Tiga puluh' maksudnya pahalanya dilipat gandakan menjadi tiga puluh kali."

Firman Allah Subhanahu Wataala dalam Surah Al-Ahzab ayat 44 yang tafsirannya:

"Sambutan penghormatan yang akan diberikan Tuhan kepada mereka semasa menemuinya ialah ucapan salam (selamat sejahtera) dan Ia telah menyediakan untuk mereka pahala balasan yang mulia."

Ok, kita praktiskan sedikit ya seperti di bawah:
Tips :
**
1. Badan perlu dibengkokkan 90 darjah.
Bow at 90 degrees
2. Yang menyalam perlu memegang kedua belah tangan orang yang disalam.
Clutch hand of the person you are greeting with both hands
3. Sengetkan kepala ke kanan sedikit untuk mendapat feel yang lebih.
Tilt head to slightly the right for maximum “feel”
4. Mulut cium tangan perlu dimuncung lebih kurang 1 inci.
Purse lips to kiss approx 1 inch

Boleh mulakan dari sekarang? Kalau tidak biasa, jadikan kebiasaan.Practice makes perfect.

Wa'alaikumussalam warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh. (Ke atas kamu juga selamat sejahtera bersama kasih sayang Allah serta berkatNya).

2011-12-02T06:25:00.000Z

Wa'alaikumussalam warrahmatullahi wabarakatuh. (Ke atas kamu juga selamat sejahtera bersama kasih sayang Allah serta berkatNya).

Dalam solat, di dalam pengucapan tahiyyat pertama dan akhir, kita akan mengucapkan Assalamualaika ayuhhan nabi yuwarahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Siapakah yang memberi salam itu? Dan kepada siapakah salam itu ditujukan? Pengucapan itu diucapkan oleh Allah kepada Nabi Muhammad saw semasa baginda naik ke langit bertemu dengan Allah dalam peristiwa Israk dan Mikraj. Dan Rasul menjawab Assalamualaina wa 'ala ibadillahis solihin. Maksudnya Salam sejahtera ke atas kami dan hamba-hamba yang soleh. Itulah doa seorang nabi yang amat kasih kepada umatnya.

mulut kita berbau

2011-12-02T06:22:00.000Z

tips yang best

Jadi bila kita menyedari nafas kita berbau, apa yang harus kita buat?

1-Berus gigi setiap hari
2-Kumur dengan bahan penghilang kuman
3-Boleh mencuba dengan petua tradisional ini -(ruj:http://www.geocities.com/digitalhead2003/petua/5.htm)
Ambil 10 kuntum bunga cengkih dan 3 ulas bawang putih lalu ditumbuk lumat. Gosokan ia pada gigi dan berkumur hingga bersih. lakukan tiga kali sehari. Anda akan dapati, mulut anda berbau harum.
4- Minum air kosong yang dibacakan dengan Al-Fatihah setiap hari sekerap mungkin.
5-Sediakan selalu gula2 berpudina bagi mengurangkan bau mulut bila kita hendak memberi ucapan, atau menghadiri mesyuarat atau keraian.

Tidak lengkap sekiranya kita sempurna dari pemakaian, dan perawakan elok sekiranya nafas atau mulut kita berbau. Dan kadang-kadang bukan setakat mulut berbau, tetapi pernafasan juga berbau disebabkan resdung atau selsema.

Masih ingat dengan iklan gula2 getah di televisyen? Seorang jejaka hendak memlih pasangan hidup, dalam banyak2 gadis jelita, yang dipilihnya adalah gadis biasa tetapi mulut berbau segar dan bersih. :P

source

http://www.seanggunbidadari.com/2008/12/mulut-bila-dibuka-berbau-enggak.html

We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an, in order that ye may understand (Yusuf: 2).

2011-12-02T06:09:00.001Z

So We said: Strike the (dead body) with part of the (Sacrificed cow), thus Allah brings the dead to life, and He shows you His signs so that you may understand (al-Baqarah: 73).

Thus doth Allah Make clear His Signs to you: In order that ye may understand (al-Baqarah: 242).

O ye who believe! Take not for intimates others than your own folk, who would spare no pains to ruin you; they love to hamper you. Hatred is revealed by (the utterance of) their mouths, but that which their breasts hide is greater. We have made plain for you the revelations if ye will understand (Ali Imran: 118).

We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an, in order that ye may understand (Yusuf: 2).

We sent not before thee (any messengers) save men whom We inspired from among the folk of the townships - Have they not traveled in the land and seen the nature of the consequence for those who were before them? And verily the abode of the Hereafter, for those who ward off (evil), is best. Have ye then no sense? (Yusuf: 109).